Some types of roasts:
Roast - Light, Dark and Everything in Between
As well as species and region, the degree of the roast plays a large
part in determining the flavor of your favorite coffee. The roasting
process caramelizes the bean sugars and releases the coffee oils,
chemically changing coffee beans from green and unappetizing, to shiny,
brown and fragrant.
Roasts and Brewing Methods - each of the levels of roast
listed below can be used for any method of coffee making, with the
exception of espresso, for which you should use only a dark, or
very-dark roast.
Roast Flavor vs Bean Flavor - the light, or pale cinnamon
roast should only be used with very high quality coffee. This is because
the lighter the roast, the more of the coffee bean traits you will
taste in the cup. A light roast will mask none of the coffee's origin
traits. A dark roast will take on the overall characteristic flavor of
the roast, masking the flavor of the individual beans.
Milk? - High quality coffees, with their agreeable acidity,
benefit from the light or medium roasts and generally taste good with
milk. The darker roasts should be served black.
Levels / Degrees of Roast -
|
Other Names |
Color |
Lustre |
Taste |
Light |
Cinnamon Roast |
Pale-brown |
None |
Sharp, acidic |
Medium |
American Roast,
city roast |
Brown |
Mild |
Bittersweet tang |
Dark |
Continental Roast,
Viennese Roast |
Dark-brown |
Shiny |
Smoky |
Vary Dark |
French Roast,
New Orleans Roast, Full Roast |
Almost black |
Glossy |
Smoky, rich |
Caffeine - Darker roasts contain slightly less caffeine than lighter roasts.
When to Roast?, When to Blend? - Some coffees are
roasted first, in single-origin batches before being blended. Others are
blended first before being roasted together. Each technique has it's
own advantages and disadvantages, with coffee buffs arguing the point
either way. Some argue that since each variety of bean has an optimum
level of roast, they should be roasted first and blended later. Others
say that blending should occur before the roast to allow full
integration of bean flavors during roasting. For convenience sake, many
large coffee roasting factories will blend before roasting. For more
information, see section 4 below, or read our article on coffee blending and coffee blends.
Region - Where in the world?
As you walk into a coffee market, you are confronted with numerous
varieties and styles of coffee. Varieties include Kenyan, Jamaican Blue
Mountain, Java and Ethiopian Mocha - just to name a few.
After species, the second biggest flavor determining factor of coffee
is its region of origin. The altitude, soil type, climate and methods of
harvesting for a particular region result in common flavors across
coffee beans from that region. The easiest way to categorize the coffee
regions is to divide them into these three locales:
Asia-Indonesia-Pacific, Africa/Arabia and Central-and-South-America.
Within these three locales, many different coffee beans are harvested. Otherwise, as a brief guide, the tables below will serve you well:
Region 1 - Latin America
|
Area |
Central and South America, Caribbean, Columbia, Costa Rica, Panama, Mexico |
Acidity |
medium to high |
Body |
light |
Flavor |
well-balanced, sweet, intense, tangy |
Recommended
Roast |
Mild to medium - to preserve the brightness of the bean without introducing bitterness |
Accompaniment |
Breakfast, toast, muffins |
Region 2 - Africa/Arabia
|
Area |
African continent, middle-east, Arabia |
Acidity |
medium |
Body |
medium, syrupy |
Flavor |
spicy, wine-like, cocoa, citrus fruits and berries, wild |
Recommended
Roast |
Dark |
Accompaniment |
Milk chocolate, cheesecake |
Region 3 - Asia-Indo-Pacific
|
Area |
Asia, Indonesia and surrounding pacific islands |
Acidity |
low |
Body |
bold, strong, heavy |
Flavor |
powerful, robust, earthy, smooth, flowery, robust, hearty, bitter tones |
Recommended
Roast |
Dark to Very Dark |
Accompaniment |
Dark Chocolate, Rich desserts, Caramel |
If you want to buy coffee online, Peet's Coffee and
Tea has a section that allows you to select coffee by region before
ordering. Peet's delivers fresh coffee that is roasted to order.
To read more
:
http://www.coffee-makers-cafe.com/coffee-beans.html#beansByRegion
_______________________________________________________________________
I couldn't find percentages but here are some recipes for coffee related drinks
:
Espresso
Traditionally this is a single 1oz shot of coffee made with 7g of
finely ground coffee extracted at between 18 and 25 seconds. The
espresso shot forms the basic ingredient for many of our well known
coffee recipes and a few less well known! Here is a small selection for
you to try:
- Americano (american) - An espresso shot diluted to taste with hot water.
- Romano (roman) - Espresso shot served with a twist of lemon.
- Corretto (correct, proper) - Espresso shot with grappa.
- Doppio (double) - A double shot of espresso.
- Lungo (long) – An espresso which is made by extracting about 1.5oz
of water through 7g of coffee. The texture is thinner but it contains a
greater amount of caffeine.
- Ristretto (restricted) - A more concentrated espresso, normally of
only about 0.75oz, made by restricting the extraction time. This
maximises the flavour of the coffee and minimises the caffeine.
- Macchiato (marked, spotted) - A shot or two of espresso with just a spot of frothed milk on top.
- Iced Espresso - A double shot of espresso over crushed ice.
Cappuccino
A standard cappuccino is one part espresso with about three parts of frothed milk.
Cafe Latte
Much milkier than a cappuccino. One part espresso with at least five
parts steamed (hot) milk and only a small amount of froth on top.
Cafe Latte Fredo
Espresso mixed with cold milk in the same proportions as a Cafe Latte shaken vigorously with ice in a cocktail shaker.
Cafe Mocha
One part espresso with one part chocolate syrup and two or three parts of frothed milk, optionally topped with whipped cream.
Espresso con Panna
One shot of espresso topped with a small amount of whipped cream.
Espresso Granita
One shot of espresso mixed with a teaspoon of soft brown sugar and a
splash of brandy, frozen, then crushed and served in a parfait glass
with whipped cream.
For more details
:
http://www.anothercoffee.co.uk/coffeeinfo/recipes.aspx